PAPARAN TEKNOLOGI RADIASI DALAM KEHIDUPAN MODERN: RESIKO BIOLOGIS TERHADAP KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL DAN PERKEMBANGAN JANIN

Ghaitsa Haurani Assabila; Dina Aprilia; Vanya Maurizka Adani; Nazwa Fauziah

doi:10.55541/emj.v9i2.425

Authors

Ghaitsa Haurani Assabila Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3296-8417
Dina Aprilia Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Vanya Maurizka Adani Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Nazwa Fauziah Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55541/emj.v9i2.425

Keywords:

radiasi, kehamilan, janin, keselamatan radiasi, kebidanan

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan teknologi pencitraan medis dan perangkat elektronik modern memberikan manfaat dalam bidang kesehatan dan komunikasi, namun juga menimbulkan potensi risiko biologis akibat paparan radiasi. Ibu hamil dan janin merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan, terutama pada fase organogenesis. Objective: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji jenis radiasi, interaksinya dengan jaringan biologis, serta dampaknya pada kesehatan ibu dan janin untuk mendukung upaya pencegahan dalam praktik kebidanan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber ilmiah terkait efek radiasi pengion (seperti sinar-X) dan non-pengion terhadap sel dan jaringan manusia. Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa radiasi pengion dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel melalui mekanisme langsung berupa gangguan DNA maupun mekanisme tidak langsung melalui radiolisis air yang menghasilkan radikal bebas reaktif. Dampak biologis yang ditimbulkan meliputi risiko stokastik seperti mutasi sel dan kanker, serta potensi dampak fatal pada janin. Sebaliknya, teknologi non-pengion seperti ultrasonografi (USG) dan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) dinilai lebih aman karena tidak menyebabkan ionisasi jaringan. Kesimpulan: Perlindungan radiasi pada ibu hamil perlu mengutamakan prinsip ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), penggunaan teknologi non-pengion, peningkatan edukasi oleh tenaga kesehatan, khususnya bidan, guna meminimalkan risiko jangka panjang bagi generasi mendatang.

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